Բառացանկ

A term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil.
In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control.

International documents aimed at human development (Beijing Platform for Action, Copenhagen Plan for Action, UN Millenium Development Goals) set poverty eradication and combatting feminization of poverty as primary goals. In the 1980s, a group of third-world feminists started to analyse the phenomenon of poverty from a gender perspective. They identified a series of phenomena within poverty that specifically affected women and showed that poor women outnumbered poor men, that women suffered more severe poverty than men and that female poverty displayed a more marked tendency to increase, largely because of the rise in the number of female-headed households. This set of phenomena came to be termed the “feminization of poverty.” 

Poverty gap is the mean shortfall from the poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.

In September 1999, the IMF established the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) to make the objectives of poverty reduction and growth more central to lending operations in its poorest member countries. https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/prgf.htm

Poverty deprives people of the means to buy or produce food. Hunger and malnutrition cause enormous human and economic costs by adversely affecting the health and productivity of populations. Hungry children cannot learn and hungry adults cannot be productive and earn their living; they are trapped in a vicious cycle of hunger and malnutrition, illness and poverty. Measures to combat hunger directly are therefore needed. 

First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006). Second United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2008-2017).

Tendency of increasing number of women and children among the poor.

Condition where people's basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Poverty is generally of two types: (1) Absolute poverty is synonymous with destitution and occurs when people cannot obtain adequate resources (measured in terms of calories or nutrition) to support a minimum level of physical health. (2) Relative poverty occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as determined by a government (and enjoyed by the bulk of the population) that vary from country to country, sometimes within the same country.